The ER stress response is initiated in myeloma cells by tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG). (A) Treatment of myeloma cells over a 24-hour period with TM- or TG-induced splicing of XBP1, as determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (B) Levels of the proapoptotic factor CHOP were determined by real-time Taqman PCR. (C) Immunoblotting of nuclear fractions of cell lysates demonstrated an increase in cleaved ATF6α. Representative cell line data on U266 are shown. All experiments were repeated in triplicate.