Sema3A potentiates VEGF-induced permeability and induces VP on its own. (A) Sema3A potentiation of VEGF-mediated VP was determined by subcutaneous injection of PBS, VEGF (40 μg/mL),¹⁷  Sema3A (30 μg/mL), or VEGF with Sema3A in Balb/c mice. Evans blue dye (1.5%) extravasation was quantitated (n = 8). Data represent means plus or minus SEM. (B) Representative images of Sema3A- and/or VEGF-induced permeability. (C) Sema3A dose-dependently induces VP as shown by injecting mice with increasing amounts of Sema3A (μg/mL), VEGF, or PBS as control (n = 6). Evans blue dye (1%) extravasation was quantitated. Data represent mean plus or minus SEM. This experiment was repeated twice with similar results. (D) Representative images of dose-dependent Sema3A-induced permeability. (E) Sema3A dose-dependently induces tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin as demonstrated by treatment of HUVECs with increasing amounts of Sema3A (ng/mL), VEGF (50 ng/mL), or both. This experiment was repeated multiple times with similar results.