Appearance of α4β7⁺ CD69⁺ ILCs after induction chemotherapy is associated with a lower incidence of GVHD. (A) CD69 expression separated patients into 2 distinct groups: patients with a high or low proportion of CD69⁺ ILCs, in particular for ILC2, NCR⁻ ILC3, and NCR⁺ ILC3. (B) Patients who did not develop acute GVHD had significantly higher proportions of CD69⁺ ILC before allogeneic HSCT. (C) Kaplan-Meier curves for patients who did or did not develop acute GVHD, stratified according to the expression of CD69 by ILC before HSCT. CD69hi denotes patients with a proportion of CD69⁺ ILC higher than median;CD69lo patients with CD69⁺ ILC proportions lower than median (see [A] for individual data). (D) Expression of the gut-homing molecule α4β7 by the ILCs of patients with high or low proportions of CD69⁺ before allogeneic HSCT. (E) Patients in whom acute GVHD of the gut did not develop had higher proportions of α4β7⁺ ILC2 and ILC3 before allogeneic HSCT. Squares in (A) denote healthy persons, triangles HSCT recipients (before allogeneic HSCT). Data (n = 40 [cohort 2, Table 1]) in (B,D-E) are shown as median values with interquartile ranges. All samples were taken before allogeneic HSCT. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. HC, healthy controls (black bars, n = 8). ND, not determined.