Longitudinal assessment of kidney function in male and female HbSS and HbAA mice. Trajectory of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in male (A) and female (B) genetic control (HbAA) and HbSS mice. Trajectory of urinary protein excretion in male (C) and female (D) HbAA and HbSS mice. Plasma creatinine in male (E) and female (F) HbAA and HbSS mice. Data are mean ± SEM; *P < .05 vs 8-week HbSS mice; Analysis by 1-way ANOVA with repeated measurements with Tukey post hoc analysis. (A) Genotype and age, P < .0001. (B) Genotype, P = .0030; age, P = .0040. (C) Genotype, P = .0155; age, P = .0196. (D) Genotype, P < .0001; age, P = .5008, or 2-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test. (E) Interaction, P = .1899; genotype, P = .0078; age, P = .0069. (F) Interaction, P = .5871; genotype, P = .9415; age, P = .0899.