Measures of renal tubular injury progression in female HbSS mice compared with genetic controls (HbAA). (A) Trajectory of KIM-1 in female HbAA and HbSS mice. (B) Quantification of interstitial fibrosis index score in female HbAA and HbSS mice. (C) Quantification of interstitial fibrosis in female HbAA and HbSS mice. (D) Quantification of brush border loss index score in male HbAA and HbSS mice. (E) Representative Masson trichrome–, Picro Sirius Red–, and periodic-acid Schiff–hematoxylin-stained sections of renal cortex and medulla from female HbAA and HbSS mice. Original magnification ×10 (scale bars = 100 μm) for Masson trichrome staining and ×40 (scale bars = 50 μm) for Picro Sirius Red and periodic-acid Schiff–hematoxylin stainings. Data are mean ± SEM; *P < .05 vs 8-week HbSS mice. Analysis by 1-way ANOVA with repeated measurements with Tukey post hoc analysis (A) Genotype, P < .0001; age, P = .0049, or 2-way ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test. (B) Interaction, P = .0140; genotype, P < .0001; age, P = .2854. (C) Interaction, P = .3947; genotype, P = .0004; age, P = .4610. (D) Interaction, P = .0008; genotype, P < .0001; age, P = .0011.