HCMV latent infection of PB-CD4 cells results in increased HIV-1 infection. PB-CD34 cells mock- or HCMV strain Towne-infected at day 5 PI were infected by HIV-1_NL4-3 for 3 days. (A) Proviral DNA copy number determined by digital PCR with known input cell numbers calculated from CCR5 qPCR is shown (n = 12). (B) Representative flow cytometry plots and column graph for intracellular staining for CD34⁺p24 on PB-CD34 cells with or without HCMV latent infection at day 5 PI followed by HIV-1 infection for 48 hours with X4-tropic HIV-1_NL4-3 (n = 4). Numbers represent percentages on plots. (C) LTR activity from cDNA determined by qPCR in a time course experiment (n = 4). PB-CD34 cells infected with mock or HCMV strain Merlin day 5 PI were infected with HIV-1_NL4-3 or R5-tropic HIV-1_JR-FL for 12 hours and qPCR was performed (n = 4) to assess (D) proviral DNA, (E) late RT products, (F) 2-LTR circles, and (G) HCMV DNA copies. Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < .05.