Cytokine levels vary in pediatric AML at diagnosis. Cytokine levels from BM plasma samples taken at the time of diagnosis for patients with untreated AML were compared with those of healthy children. After Bonferroni correction, 3 out of 41 tested cytokines and growth factors had levels at AML diagnosis that were significantly different when compared with normal controls. Levels of IL-6 (A), IL-10 (B), and IL-8 (C) were significantly elevated in a subset of AML patients at diagnosis compared with normal children. ***P < .001 by Mann-Whitney U test. The threshold of significance after Bonferroni correction was P = .0012.