The flow diagram shows how integration of molecular diagnostics and NGS potentially can rapidly segregate patients into groups for whom particular and increasingly targeted therapies have shown benefit or are currently being tested. ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; ATO, arsenic trioxide; CBF, core-binding factor; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; GO, gemtuzumab ozogamicin; HMA, hypomethylating agent; MRC, myelodysplasia-related change; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; t-AML, therapy-related AML; 713, cytarabine by continuous infusion (7 doses) plus anthracycline (3 doses).