The effect of dual targeting with proteasome inhibitor and CoB on renal allograft survival, posttransplant humoral and memory T cell responses in sensitized NHPs. (A) Timing and dosing of desensitization and immunosuppressive regimen with kidney transplantation in the sensitized NHPs. (B) Death censored graft survival shown in days by treatment group. P values were determined by log-rank test comparing sensitized NHPs receiving dual targeting therapy vs without desensitization. NHPs with desensitization had significantly prolonged rejection-free survival compared with sensitized controls without desensitization. (C) Renal allograft histologic examination of necropsy specimens (hematoxylin and eosin) from a control and desensitized macaque. Original magnification ×100. (D) Representative immunohistochemistry for T cells (CD3⁺), B cells (CD20⁺) and macrophages (CD68⁺) of necropsy specimens from controls vs desensitized NHPs. Scanned images were magnified (×10) from the original whole-slide scans. (E) Post–renal transplant serum DSA level from controls vs desensitized NHPs. Values represent mean ± SD and are representative of all separate experiments. (F) Representative post–renal transplant GC response in the LNs from controls vs desensitized NHPs as shown by immunofluorescence for CD3 (blue), CD20 (red), and Ki67 (green). Original magnification ×200. Data represent the mean ± SD of 3 monkeys treated with dual targeting treatment.