Platelet-HMGB1 regulates bacterial clearance and thus regulates survival and systemic inflammation after CLP. WT, HMGB1 Flox (cell-specific HMGB1 knockout control), and HMGB1 PF4 mice were subjected to CLP. (A) Seven-day survival after CLP. Data are from 20 mice per group from 2 separate experiments. Statistical difference was tested using the log-rank test. (B-C) Peritoneal lavage fluid and blood were collected at 18 hours after CLP. Bacterial counts in (B) peritoneum and (C) blood. Symbols represent individual mice. Statistical difference was tested using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U statistics. (D-F) Plasma cytokine levels. Blood was collected at 18 hours after CLP. Plasma (D) IL-6, (E) IL-1β, and (F) HMGB1 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Data are means ± SD from 8 mice per group from 2 separate experiments. Statistical difference was tested using Student t test; *P < .05