![Ciechanover Figure 7. Some of the different functions of modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. / A. Proteasomal-dependent degradation of cellular proteins (see Figure 4). / B. Mono or oligoubiquitination targets membrane proteins to degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. C. Monoubiquitination, or D. a single modification by a ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein, SUMO for example, can target proteins to different subcellular destinations such as nuclear foci or the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Modification by UBLs can serve other, non-proteolytic, functions, such as protecting proteins from ubiquitination or activation of E3 complexes. E. Generation of a Lys63-based polyubiquitin chain can activate transcriptional regulators, directly or indirectly [via recruitment of other proteins (Protein Y; shown), or activation of upstream components such as kinases]. Ub denotes ubiquitin, K denotes Lys, and S denotes Cys. (with permission from Nature Publishing Group. Published originally in Ref. 83).](https://ash.silverchair-cdn.com/ash/content_public/journal/hematology/2006/1/10.1182_asheducation-2006.1.505/5/ciechanover_fig7color.jpeg?Expires=1742858170&Signature=YM4-Uj-cCs2Lnp1Uu6hYP3Z69xmMDtvwhjrymZBB1jy7hSsRoDvobJ1ukd9~GMwGQYuuYBJIUPh~nndZKdCyLhj6O~ETY99y1r3OjDrXjSUvpWpDYMlGx~bNMsD5PlCf5fPcwdVlXAvmKsYzmP6Gq3SB9KJSTorcYEpLqtIloC9CkLH7IFUB0OF26CgsTMHcaQUJI-nQcvkeLKvde9ziKF-TxiQepKavzxzeEBQv6ikW4UhgEKgV7pc9hcozS5HWJ01Bg2NtT--hA5B-3OoJuc8tAEl1wyMIZCywreLvvtRL0FCqx83uoJ~rw4zqyQulvjvivDxDufeXsK-n437JnQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Some of the different functions of modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins.
A. Proteasomal-dependent degradation of cellular proteins (see Figure 4).
B. Mono or oligoubiquitination targets membrane proteins to degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. C. Monoubiquitination, or D. a single modification by a ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein, SUMO for example, can target proteins to different subcellular destinations such as nuclear foci or the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Modification by UBLs can serve other, non-proteolytic, functions, such as protecting proteins from ubiquitination or activation of E3 complexes. E. Generation of a Lys63-based polyubiquitin chain can activate transcriptional regulators, directly or indirectly [via recruitment of other proteins (Protein Y; shown), or activation of upstream components such as kinases]. Ub denotes ubiquitin, K denotes Lys, and S denotes Cys. (with permission from Nature Publishing Group. Published originally in Ref. 83).
