CX3CR1+ MNCs regulate hematopoietic progenitors through TLR signaling pathways. (A) Depletion of CX3CR1+ MNCs by DT administration in Cd11c-DOG mice. Flow cytometry of cell depletion and the number of CX3CR1+ MNCs in the BM of Cd11c-DOG and control WT B6 mice are shown after DT injection (n = 4-6). (B) Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in the BM from WT and Cd11c-DOG mice after DT injection, as well as GF mice (n = 3 or 4). (C) Numbers of LSK cells and further separation of HSPCs into HSC, ST-HSC, HPC-2, and MPP cells from Cd11c-DOG and control mice after DT injection (n = 8-12). Numbers of various progenitor cell populations (n = 6) (D) and lineage cells (E) in the BM from Cd11c-DOG mice and control mice after DT injection (n = 4-6). Numbers of LSK cells, HSCs, ST-HSCs, HPC-2, and MPP cells (n = 12-14) (F) and lineage cells (n = 8) (G) in BM chimera with WT BM or 3d BM with Cd11c-DOG BM after DT injection. Numbers of LSK cells, HSCs, ST-HSCs, HPC-2, and MPP cells (H) and lineage cells (I) in the BM of control mice and Myd88flox/floxCd11c-Cre+ mice (n = 3 or 4). Data are representative of >3 (A), 3 (E), or 2 (H-I) independent experiments with similar results and pooled from 2 (C,D,G) or 3 (F) independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean, and each circle represents an individual mouse. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, unpaired 2-tailed Student t test (A,C-I) or 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison (B).