G-CSF improves survival against a lethal challenge withA fumigatus.

To assess the effects of G-CSF, groups of mice that underwent transplantation with 200 HSCs only or 200 HSCs plus 1 × 10⁴ CMP and 2 × 10⁴ GMP were given hG-CSF (250 μg/kg) subcutaneously at daily intervals on D+1 through D+5. Without G-CSF, mice that underwent transplantation with HSCs only (gray filled circles) or with HSC+CMP/GMP (black filled squares) did not survive when challenged with A fumigatus on D+3. However, there was a marked improvement in survival in groups that underwent cotransplantation with CMP/GMP and were treated with G-CSF (black open squares), whereas G-CSF treatments in mice with HSCs only did not improve their survival rate (gray open circles;P = .013). Animals not undergoing transplantation that were not infected served as controls for the lethal irradiation dose (broken line). The arrow indicates day of challenge with A fumigatus.