rhHMGB1 induces the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, as well as RAGE receptor on HMEC-1 cells.

Flow cytometry histograms showing the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and RAGE after 24 hours' incubation with media alone, rhHMGB1 50 ng/mL, or TNFα 10 ng/mL. One representative example of 9 experiments is shown. The shaded histograms represent binding of anti–ICAM-1, anti–VCAM-1, and anti-RAGE antibodies, and the open histograms show binding of the respective isotype controls.