Effect of PACAP38 and dexamethasone on LC-stimulated activation of MAPKs and NFκB. (A) The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK in the human renal proximal tubule cells cultured for 3 days with light chain (50 μM), PACAP38 (1 nM), or dexamethasone (1 nM) alone or light chain plus PACAP38 or dexamethasone. (B) The activation of p38 MAPK in the proximal tubule cells in a similar study. SB202190 (10 μM), a p38 MAPK inhibitor. (C-D) p50 and p65 subunits of activated NFκB, respectively. Raji cell extract, a positive control for NFκB. Each column represents mean of 3 replicates. Vertical bar is SE of mean. ***P < .001, **P < .01, and *P < .05.