The effects of PPP on cell-cycle phase distribution and apoptosis. (A) MM cell lines were treated with PPP for 24 hours followed by analysis of cell-cycle phase distribution,44 whereby one representative experiment using the LP-1 cell line is demonstrated. (B) In a parallel experiment apoptosis was analyzed using AV/PI staining. MM cells were categorized as living cells (AV-negative/PI-negative), apoptotic cells (AV-positive/PI-negative), apoptotic/necrotic cells (AV-positive/PI-positive), and necrotic cells (AV-negative/PI-positive), whereby the relative cell numbers are presented as percentage of 10 000 cells. (C) Apoptosis was also quantified in the Karpas 707 cell line at 48 hours of PPP treatment by using TUNEL, whereby data are presented as percentage of 10 000 cells.
