Wogonin sensitizes malignant T cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis. (A) Jurkat cells bearing J-Luc-κB and (B-C) CEM cells were preincubated with different amounts of wogonin for 30 minutes and then treated with different doses of TNFα. Apoptotic cell death was quantified by either the apoptotic changes in cell size and granularity determined by FSC/SSC FACS analysis (A-B) or DNA fragmentation (C) determined by the Nicoletti assay. (D) J16 and J-Luc-κB were treated with 100 μM wogonin in combination with different doses of LZ-TRAIL for 48 hours. Apoptotic cell death was determined by FSC/SSC FACS analysis. (E) AML cells freshly isolated from an AML patient were treated with different combinations of wogonin and TNFα or wogonin and His-TRAIL for 24 hours. Apoptotic cell death was determined by the Nicoletti assay. Data are representative from 1 of 3 different AML patients. Error bars are SD of triplicate assays.