Transcription factor binding to the G-CRE is altered by HDACIs through p38 signaling. (A) Schematic diagram of the upstream γ-globin promoters. The transcription factor binding sites between nucleotides -1350 and -1180 in the ^Gγ-globin and ^Aγ-globin promoters are shown in relative order based on a Transcription Element Search System (TESS)³⁸  database analysis. Note the significant difference in the number of binding sites between nucleotides -1229 and -1222. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (^*) and the RS identifiers from the SNP database³⁹  are shown. CBP indicates CREB binding protein; HNF, hepatic nuclear factor; IL-6RE-BP, interleukin-6 response element binding protein; NF1, nuclear factor 1; NF-Y, nuclear factor-Y; Oct3, Octomer 3; PPAR, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor; RARα, retinoic acid receptor α; TFIID, TATA-associated factor IID; TBF, TATA binding protein. (B) The nucleotide sequences of the sense strand for the 2 probes used in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) are shown. The G-CRE is outlined in the box. The analogous region from the ^Aγ-globin promoter (A-SEQ) is underlined. The EMSA gel obtained with the G-CRE probe and untreated (UT), NaB-, or TSA-treated nuclear extract is shown. Reactions were also completed in the presence (+) or absence (-) of SB203580 pretreatment or G-CRE cold competitor at 50-fold excess. (C) Shown is an EMSA gel for the A-SEQ probe tested with UT, NaB-, or TSA-treated nuclear extract.