HDI treatment did not alter the kinetics of Tax expression. CD8⁺ cell–depleted PBMCs were cultured for 18 hours with (□) or without (♦) NaV, and Tax expression was assessed at intervals. Onset of Tax expression was not affected by NaV treatment. NaV had its greatest effect on the level of Tax expression reached, especially in the latter half of the culture period. Each graph represents cells from a different HTLV-1–infected individual.