Normalization of plasma factor VIII levels after administration of the murine VWF cDNA to VWF^–/– mice. Plasma factor VIII levels as percentages of normal wild-type murine factor VIII at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week after injection. Data are normalized to untreated wild-type mice. Data points indicate plasma factor VIII levels from untreated VWF^–/– mice; plasma factor VIII levels after injection of 50, 100, or 250 μg murine VWF cDNA; after injection of 10 μg recombinant human VWF protein; after injection of 250 μg eGFP cDNA (negative control); and after hydrodynamic injection of saline (negative control). Factor VIII levels in VWF^–/– mice receiving 100 or 250 μg VWF cDNA exceeded normal levels in wild-type mice at 48 hours (160% and 185% of wild-type mouse values, respectively). Levels decreased to 70% to 80% by 1 week. VWF^–/– mice receiving 50 μg VWF cDNA revealed factor VIII levels that stayed between 20% and 27% of levels in wild-type mice at all time points tested.