TLR8 agonists, but not a TLR7 agonist, induce robust TNF-α production from neonatal PBMCs. TLR agonists (50 μM) were added to PBMCs cultured in 100% fresh autologous serum (10⁶ cells/mL) and incubated for 5 hours prior to measurement of TNF-α by ELISA. Data represent means ± SEM. Comparison is made to 3M-013 (TLR7)–induced neonatal TNF-α production (open arrow). n = 3; *P < .05.