ES-induced adhesion, migration, and proliferation of EPCs. Increased adhesion (A), migration (B), and proliferation (C) of HemEPCs, HemECs, and cbEPCs in response to ES. (For the adhesion and the proliferation assay, data are presented relative to control. *P < .05 compared with control; †P < .05 compared with VEGF treatment group; n = 3/treatment; all cells were passage 9). Error bars represent SEM.