Effect of homologous and related but structurally divergent coagulation factors on adenoviral infectivity of HepG2 cells. (A-D) β-Galactosidase expression is expressed as RLU × 10⁷/mg protein. (A) HepG2 cells were incubated with 1 IU/mL human FVII, FIX, FX, PC, FXI, or FXII in the presence of AdKO1 for 3 hours, cells washed, and transgene quantified at 72 hours after infection. Representative X-Gal-stained images are shown for each condition. ^*P < .05 versus virus alone. (B) HepG2 cells were incubated with varying concentrations (as indicated) of human FVII, FIX, FX, PC, FXI, or FXII in the presence of AdKO1 for 3 hours, cells washed, and transgene quantified at 72 hours after infection. (C) HepG2 cells were exposed to 1 IU/mL FX or an equimolar concentration of FX-GD in the presence of AdKO1 for 3 hours, cells washed, and transgene quantified at 72 hours after infection. ^*P < .05 versus virus alone. (D) CHO-K1 or CHO-pgsA745 cells were incubated with 1000 VP-per-cell AdKO1 in the absence or presence of 1 IU/mL FX for 3 hours, washed, and transgene quantified at 72 hours after infection. ^*P < .05 versus virus alone. (E) HepG2 cells were exposed to 1 IU/mL FX in the presence or absence of increasing doses of lactoferrin and transgene quantified at 72 hours after infection. ^*P < .05 versus incubation in the absence of lactoferrin.