Sex- and stage-related differences of CD38-expression levels in B-CLL and T cells. CD38-expression levels from B-CLL cells (A) and T cells (B) from female and male patients at low, intermediate, and high Rai stage were analyzed. Numbers in the boxes on top of the graphs represent numbers of patients in the outlined subgroups (top line) and percentages of high-risk patients (characterized by ≥ 30% CD38⁺ B-CLL cells or ≥ 50% CD38⁺ T cells, respectively) within these subgroups (bottom line). Data are presented in box-and-whisker format: the 25th and 75th percentile form the box, with the mean marked as a line; the 10th and 80th percentile form the whiskers; and all observations <10th percentile or >90th percentile are presented as circles.