rhMIF increases VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression on human PB MNs in a concentration-dependent manner. (A) MNs were stimulated with different concentrations of rhMIF for 12 hours. rhMIF-induced VCAM-1 expression was significantly higher between 10 pM and 1 μM (A). We did not observe VCAM-1 expression at 10 μM. (B) Similarly, rhMIF-induced ICAM-1 expression was significantly higher compared with nonstimulated MNs between 1 pM and 1 μM. We found the maximum up-regulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 by rhMIF between 1 and 100 nM (A-B). NS indicates nonstimulated. Data represent the mean of 3 individual experiments (n) ± SEM. *P < .05 was considered significant.