Capacity of DC subsets to produce IL-12 and IFN-α in response to TLRL. Human pDCs, CD11c⁺ mDCs, and in vitro-generated mono-DCs from the same donor isolated to more than 99% purity were cultured with different TLRLs individually and TLRLs plus CD40L. IL-3 was added only in the pDC culture without TLRL. After 24 hours, the concentrations of IL-12 p70 and IFN-α in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 5 independent experiments; mean values are indicated above the bars. Undetectable level for IL-12 p70 is less than 31.2 pg/mL; that for IFN-α is less than 10 pg/mL.