Inhibiting p38 MAPK restored the phenotype, cytokine production, and function of normal BMDCs and of TCCM-treated, TCCM-, SB203580 (SB)-treated, and SB-treated cells. (A) Phenotypes of the cells. Representative results of 3 experiments are shown. Values above histograms represent mean fluorescence intensity. (B) IL-12 secretion by the cells during a 48-hour period in the presence of TNF-α and IL-1β. Results shown are the mean ± SD of 4 experiments. (C) MLR examining the ability of the cells to activate allospecific T cells. Results shown are the mean ± SD of 3 experiments. (D) Expression (mean fluorescence intensity) of DC-related surface markers on the cells. Also shown are cells treated with TCCM in the presence of other p38 inhibitors, such as SB202190 (SB90) and p38 MAPK inhibitor 3 (inhibitor III). These inhibitors were as potent as SB203580 at restoring the phenotype of TCCM-treated cells. Results shown are the mean ± SD of 3 experiments. Unless otherwise stated, cells from d10 cultures were analyzed. ^*P < .05; ^**P < .01 (compared with normal controls).