The IFNαβ response, and not the adaptive immune system, affects the liver transduction profile of LVs. (A) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of the liver from nude (Nu/Nu; n=3) and IFNαβR^−/− (n=6) mice treated with 15 μg VSV.LV 3 weeks earlier. Fixed frozen sections were costained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-F4/80 (red) antibodies to identify transduced cells and KCs, respectively. TO-PRO-3 (blue) was used to stain nuclei. Scale bars equal 75 μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of the frequency of GFP-positive hepatocytes from LV-treated Nu/Nu and IFNαβR^−/− mice. Results are presented as the means ± SEM counts performed on 3 random sections from individual mice.