HGF inhibits BMP-2–induced terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteocalcin concentration (A) in conditioned media from C2C12 cells cultured for 6 days. Mineralization of MSCs treated for the indicated time periods was quantified (B) or visualized (C) by Alizarin Red-S (ARS) staining. The concentrations of cytokines were 300 ng/mL BMP-2 and 100 ng/mL HGF. ND indicates not detected.