CCN1 induced migration, MMP, and cytokine release of CD34⁺cells. (A) Migration of CD34⁺ cells was carried out in the absence (control) or in the presence of 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL CCN1 or 100 ng/mL SDF-1 for 5 hours. (B) Transendothelial migration of CD34⁺ cells was carried out in the absence (control) or in the presence of 100 ng/mL CCN1 or 100 ng/mL SDF-1 for 5 hours. Increase in migration was significant different from control levels (*P < .05). (C) Supernatants of CD34⁺ cells stimulated with 100 ng/mL CCN1 for the indicated time were subjected to gelatin zymography (M = MMP-2/-9 marker). Increase in gelatinolytic MMP activity was significant different from unstimulated control levels (*P < .05). (D) Supernatants of unstimulated (control) or with 100 ng/mL CCN1 for 24 hours stimulated CD34⁺ cells were subjected to a commercial protein array for selected cytokines and growth factors. Data present the mean (± SEM) of at least 3 independent experiments.