UL138 promotes a latent infection in cultured hematopoietic progenitor cells. (A) The latency phenotype of each virus in CD34+/CD38− cells was analyzed by limiting dilution assay. The bars represent the average frequency of infectious center formation in the reactivation experiment (black) or the lysate control (gray) in at least 3 independent experiments for FIXpar, FIX(ur)sub2, FIX(ur)sub3, and AD169. The top numbers above each pair of bars represent the fold increase in infectious center formation in the reactivation compared with the lysate control. The line indicates the limit of detection (LD) for the assay. (B) The latency phenotype was analyzed for single ORF substitution viruses by seeding 10 000 cells or an equivalent cell lysate per well into each of 24 wells. The bars represent the fraction of GFP+ wells in the reactivation experiment (■) or the lysate control (▒) in at least 3 independent experiments or 2 independent experiments for FIXsubUL141 and Towne. For panels A and B, statistical significance is indicated by * for P < .05 and ** for P ≤ .01 where there were 3 or more experiments. All other pairs do not represent a significant difference (P ≥ .05). The standard error of the means is shown.