In contrast to IL-2 and IL-15, IL-21 does not promote acquisition of effector CD8+ T-cell function. (A,B) Pmel-1 CD8+ T cells were antigen-primed with 10 ng/mL of the indicated cytokine for 4 days, washed, and cocultured overnight with irradiated splenocytes pulsed with hgp10025-33. IFN-γ and IL-2 concentrations in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. (C) Chromium release cytolysis assay showing specific target killing by pmel-1 CD8+ T cells antigen-primed with 10 ng/mL of the indicated cytokine.