NO production in the presence of MSCs. (A) Dose-dependent effect of MSCs on NO production. Splenocytes (1 × 106) were activated with Con A (5 μg/mL) in the presence of the indicated number of MSCs for 48 hours in a 12-well dish. The concentrations of NO were determined by Griess assay. (B) Time course of NO production. MSCs (1 × 105/well) were treated as in panel A for the indicated amount of time. “Transwell” indicates experiments performed in 12-well dishes in which the T cells were separated from MSCs by a 1-μm-pore membrane. Values represent the means ± SD from 3 independent experiments. *P < .05.