Elevated levels of T_h17-related cytokines in myeloma. Sera samples from myeloma patients (MM) and from healthy donors (HD) were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of IL-17 in (A) peripheral blood, (B) IL-17 in BM, and (D) IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 in blood and BM by ELISA. (C) PBMCs isolated from myeloma patients (N = 4) and healthy donors (N = 4) were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of IL-6 and TGF-β for 6 days and cell supernatant was evaluated for various cytokines by multiplex ELISA assay. All the values presented in the bar graphs consist of mean plus or minus SEM. *P < .05.