Expression of smooth muscle cell markers in hMSC-derived cells incorporated into the tissue-engineered vessels. Whole-mount staining was performed for the extracted tissue-engineered vessel constructs. (A-H) Confocal microscopy images. (A) Blue indicates DAPI staining; (B) red, DsRed-HUVECs; (C,F,I) green, EGFP-hMSCs; (D) blue, α-smooth muscle actin staining; (G) blue, SM22α staining; and (J) blue, desmin staining. Region of colocalized staining of EGFP and smooth muscle markers is highlighted as white (E,H,K). Panels A-E, F-H, and I,J are the same location/construct. Scale bar represents 100 μm.