DDX3Y is transcribed outside the testis and is universally expressed in myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cells that carry a Y chromosome. Relative expression of DDX3Y in a panel of normal human tissues (A), normal blood cell fractions (B), and primary male ALL, CLL, and AML samples (C). Quantitative real-time PCR using SYBR green was carried out as described in “Methods.” Analysis of GAPDH expression was used to standardize samples for RNA quality and quantity, and the relative DDX3Y expression in the KG-1a AML cell line was arbitrarily defined as 1. The asterisk in panel C indicates a primary male ALL sample that had clonal loss of the Y chromosome by cytogenetic analysis and no detectable DDX3Y transcript. Five of 14 female samples are shown, all of which were negative.