Amino acid alignment of SMPD3 from various species surrounding SMPD3 mutations. The SMPD3 amino acid sequence from mammals (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Bos taurus, and Canis familiaris) and other vertebrate animals (Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio) are aligned using MultAlin software (http://bioinfo.genopole-toulouse.prd.fr/multalin/multalin.html). Blue and red letters indicate amino acids that are conserved within mammals and vertebrates, respectively.