MDS and MDS/AML induced by AML1 mutants derived from patients with MDS. (A) Schematics of AML1 WT (AML1a and AML1b) and AML1 mutants (D171N and S291fs). AD indicates transactivating domain; RD, repression domain. (B) Percentages of GFP/Ly-5.1 double-positive cells or (C) c-Kit⁺ cells in PB. PB was obtained from the tail vein every month after the transplantation. Numbers in parenthesis indicate mouse IDs. (D) Kaplan-Meier analysis for the survival of mice that received transplants of AML1 mutant-transduced BM cells. Average survival days of AML1-D171N (340.6 days) were compared with AML1-S291fs (263.6 days) using the log-rank test; P = .218. AML1 WT (n = 11), D171N (n = 26), S291fs (n = 10), mock (n = 16). (E) Evi1 synergized with AML1-D171N in inducing MDS/AML. D171N (n = 26; same as those in panel D), Evi1 (n = 8), D171N + Evi1 (n = 10), and mock (n = 16) transduced bone marrow cells were transplanted into mice.