Effect of MSCs on proliferation of PBMCs in response to allogeneic or viral antigens. (A) PBMCs (1.5 × 105/well) from healthy donors were stimulated with irradiated (irr) allogeneic (allo) PBMCs, irr autologous (autol) LCL, pp65 peptides, or recombinant Ad5 viral vector in the presence or absence of third-party MSCs (1.5 × 105/well) for 5 days in (n = 6). P values refer to difference in proliferation in the presence or absence of MSCs (Wilcoxon signed rank test). (B) Representative pentamer stainings of PBMCs gated on CD3+CD8+ T cells cultured with irr autol LCL or pp65 peptides in the presence or absence of MSCs for 7 days.