Replacement of Tregs by TH17-like cells is associated with enhanced antitumor efficacy. (A) Foxp3^GFP mice with established B16-OVA tumors were treated using the protocol shown in Figure 5, with or without resting OT-I cells, OVA-Lv vaccine, and oral D-1MT, as indicated below the axis. On day 11, tumors were dissected and the tumor area measured as the product of orthogonal diameters. Values reflect the mean of pooled data from 7 independent experiments (error bars show SD); the total number of tumors analyzed in each treatment (n) is shown. *P < .01 by analysis of variance versus all other groups; bars represent SD. (B) B6 mice with established B16-OVA tumors were treated with adoptive transfer of resting OT-I cells (control) or OT-I cells plus OVA-Lv vaccine plus oral D-1MT, as in the previous panel. Data points represent average of 5 mice; bars represent SD. One of 2 experiments. (C) Foxp3^GFP mice were injected with 10⁶ B16F10 tumor cells. On day 5, mice received muTRP1-Lv vaccine (or control). D-1MT in drinking water (or control) was started on day 6. On day 11, TDLNs were harvested and stained for intracellular IL-17 as in Figure 5. Percentages give the fraction of Foxp3^GFP-positive cells coexpressing IL-17. Representative of4 independent experiments. (D) Foxp3^GFP mice with established B16F10 tumors were treated with or without muTRP1-Lv vaccine and D-1MT in drinking water, as indicated. Tumor size was measured at necropsy on day 11. Each data point is a mean of 6 tumors from 3 independent experiments (error bars show SD). *P < .01 by analysis of variance.