VEGI activation of signaling pathways in differentiated EPCs. (A) Western blotting analysis of DR3 expression in EPCs at various time intervals of culture. (B) Quantitative analysis of the phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB, JNK, and Akt in EPCs on day 11 in response to VEGI treatment (10 minutes) at various concentrations as indicated. (C) Activation of caspase-3 induced with various concentrations of VEGI, as indicated, in EPCs in culture at indicated time intervals. (D) Inhibition of VEGI-induced caspase-3 activation with DR3-neutralizing antibodies. *P < .05 compared with caspase-3 activity in untreated cells. #P < .05 compared with VEGI-treated.