Effects of fucoidan on the maturation of PBDCs. (A) Freshly isolated PBDCs (10⁶) were treated with or without fucoidan (50 μg/mL), LPS (1 μg/mL), or TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours as in Figure 1, and the surface expression of CD83, CD80, CD86, or MHC class II on CD11c⁺ DCs was then measured. (B) CD11c^highCD123^low mDCs were isolated using a BDCA isolation kit and further purified using a cell sorter and then treated as in panel A. (C) CD1c⁺ DCs were isolated using a BDCA-1 isolation kit and then treated as in panel A. Data represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *P < .01 compared with none. **P < .001 compared with none.