IL-13 production is induced after EBV infection. (A) PBMCs were infected with EBV or not infected, and supernatants were collected on day 7 after infection. Expression of cytokines in supernatants was measured using the human cytokine antibody array III. Each spot on the blot represents 1 cytokine, and each cytokine was duplicated. The cytokines tested are listed in the table under the blot. (B-F) CD19-positive B cells were infected with EBV, and RNA was extracted at the times indicated. The relative fold increase of transcript expression was normalized by the amount of RNA from uninfected B cells. RNA and supernatants were pooled from 6 individual donors for 1 experiment. A representative of 2 independent experiments is shown. (B) Expression of viral latent EBNA1 and EBNA2 genes was detected by RT-Q-PCR. (C) Expression of viral lytic genes (Zta and Rta) was detected by RT-Q-PCR. (D) Expression of IL-13 transcripts was measured by RT-Q-PCR. (E) IL-13 protein secreted in cultured medium was quantified by ELISA. (F) RNA was extracted from 9 LCL cells, and the IL-13 transcripts were examined by RT-Q-PCR. The relative fold of transcript expression was normalized by the amount of RNA from primary uninfected B cells.