Validation of gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Expression of ADM, CTGF, TGFA, and VEGA as determined by (A) quantitative real-time PCR. Shown are −dCt values (reference gene 18S RNA). (B) Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular VEGF in (i) one MGUS sample (pMMC, MGUS), (ii) one exemplary primary myeloma cell sample (pMMC), as well as the 2 myeloma cell lines (iii) OPM-2 and (iv) XG-19.