β-catenin knockdown improves survival in a xenograft mouse model of MM. β-catenin knockdown improves survival in Kaplan-Meier survival curves (A) by decreasing tumor load and metastasis (B). Mice injected with control or β-catenin shRNA-GFP MM1.S cells were analyzed by whole-body imaging. Note decreased tumor GFP nodule number in the spine and liver of β-catenin shRNA mice compared with control mice (white arrows). Histologic and IHC analysis of tumors showed decreased tumor metastasis in the liver (C) and kidney (D), increased numbers of tingible body macrophages (E), and increased TUNEL staining (F), as well as decreased expression of β-catenin (G) and AurKA (H) in engrafted β-catenin shRNA MM1.S cells compared with control MM1.S xenografts. Hematoxylin & eosin stains (panels C, D, and E); IHC stains (panels G and H).