Rate of HIV disease progression in HIV⁺ EAs, and HIV⁺ AAs who are Duffy-null (DARC −46C/C) or -positive (DARC −46C/T or T/T). Each panel shows KM survival plots for 3 groups of HIV-infected subjects: EA (blue), AAs possessing DARC −46 C/C (pink), and AAs possessing DARC −46 C/T or T/T (green). The KM plots are for all subjects (left column) and those with baseline CD4⁺ T-cell counts of < 4000 (middle column) or ≥ 4000 (right column) cells/mm³ in the entire cohort (top row), and those subjects categorized as seroconverter (middle row) and seroprevalent (bottom row). RH indicates relative hazards (reference RH = 1 represents AAs with DARC −46C/C); CI, confidence interval; P, significance value estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling, n, number of subjects. Whether DARC −46C/T or T/T was associated with disease acceleration in leukopenic seroconverting AAs could not be evaluated as in this group; there were only 4 subjects who did not have −46C/C, and no death events had occurred (green survival curve in panel E).