Immunoglobulin production in patients with CVID or IgAD. Effect of cytokine and anti-CD40 stimulation on IgG and IgA production in PBMCs from 32 patients with CVID (A-B) and 10 subjects with IgAD (C) in comparison with 22 healthy controls (HC). PBMCs (10⁶) were stimulated for 5 days with cytokines (IL-10 and IL-21 at 10 ng/mL, IL-4 at 0.5 ng/mL) plus anti-CD40 mAb at 2 μg/mL, if stated. Subsequently, 5 × 10⁴ and 1 × 10⁵ PBMCs were subjected to ELISPOT assay for 20 hours of incubation. Units of secreted IgG (A) and IgA (B-C), presented on a logarithmic scale, were measured in a virtual unit that is equivalent to the surface in 0.01 mm² multiplied by the intensity of a particular spot in ELISPOT analysis.