Broad expression of IL-10 mRNA in FACS-sorted cell subsets from HIV-infected subjects. CD11c⁺ myeloid DCs, CD123⁺ plasmacytoid DCs, CD14⁺ monocytes, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, CD19⁺ B cells, and CD56⁺ NK cells were isolated from total PBMCs using live cell FACS sorting from 9 HIV-negative and 10 HIV-infected individuals, as described in supplemental Figure 3. IL-10 mRNA expression was determined in PBMCs and each subset by quantitative RT-PCR, and values are presented as IL-10 copies relative to the HPRT housekeeping gene (A-H). Significant up-regulation of IL-10 mRNA was observed in HIV⁺ individuals compared with HIV-negative controls for total PBMCs (P = .028) in panel A, CD14⁺ monocytes (P = .035) in panel D, CD4⁺ T cells (P = .001) in panel E, CD8⁺ T cells (P = .002) in panel F, CD19⁺ B cells, (P < .001) in panel G, and CD56⁺ NK cells (P = .004) in panel H. A significant reduction in IL-10 expression was observed in CD11c⁺ mDCs (P = .038) (C), whereas no change was seen in CD123⁺ pDCs (P = .161) in panel B. All statistics were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test.