Lungs of NY1DD mice have histologic evidence of inflammation and impaired function that can transiently be improved by anti-CD1d treatment. (A-E) Representative images of H&E-stained lungs. Scale bars represent 200 μm. (F) Histopathologic scores (1-8, see “Methods”) calculated by analysis of H&E-stained mouse lungs. (G-H) Vascular permeability is increased and arterial oxygen saturation is reduced in NY1DD mouse lungs at baseline compared with C57BL/6. Pulmonary dysfunction in SCD is inhibited 1 day, but not 5 days, after injection of anti-CD1d antibodies. (I) NY1DD mice have significantly impaired breathing (decreased tidal volume and increased frequency of breathing) compared with C57BL/6 mice (P < .001). The lines represent the mean (± SEM) baseline breathing parameters. In NY1DD mice, breathing parameters are improved 1 day, but not 5 days, after injection of anti-CD1d antibodies. Arrows indicate times of anti-CD1d injections. (J-K) NY1DD mice have increased CD69 surface expression and intracellular IFN-γ levels on pulmonary lymphocytes that decrease 1 day, but not 5 days, after treatment with anti-CD1d. The numbers on the x-axis (F-H,J-K) represent the number of animals for that group. C57BL/6 and NY1DD groups were evaluated by an unpaired Student t test (*P < .001; ***P = .001; ^τP = .002; ^ττP = .001). NY1DD-treated mice were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Neuman-Keuls posttesting (**P < .05). Breathing parameters were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttesting. Histologic grading was analyzed with either a nonparametric t test (Mann-Whitney; *P < .001) or a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunns posttesting (**P < .05). SO₂ inidcates arterial oxygen saturation; FOB, frequency of breathing; and TV, tidal volume.