Targeting the translational machinery. Multiple drugs have been developed to target molecules involved in the regulation of protein translation. Rapamycin and “rapalogs” (temsirolimus, everolimus, and deferolimus) restrict the recruitment of the FKBP12 protein to the mTOR complex inhibiting mTORC1 signaling. Other small molecule inhibitors have been developed to target the mTOR kinase domain (Torin1, PP242, and PP30), which may inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways. CGP57380 has been developed as an ATP competitive inhibitor of the MNK kinases, which may prevent the release of eIF4E from the 5′ methyl-7-GTP cap structure preventing a subsequent round of translation on the same mRNA. Other drugs have been found to block the recruitment of eIF4E to the eIF4F ternary complex including 4EGI-1 and Ribavirin to inhibit both translation initiation and eIF4E-mediated transport of mRNA. The PUA dominant negative has also been shown to block the interaction of MCT-1 with the translation initiation complex (TIC).